
-   The expression PDK4 is induced in starvation and diabetes [PMID: 11384751].
-   PDK4 mRNAs were downregulated by insulin [PMID: 9787110].
-   Estrogen-related receptors (ERRalpha and ERRgamma) stimulate PDK4 gene expression. Insulin inhibits the induction of PDK4 by ERRs. ERR isoforms recruit PGC-1alpha to the PDK4 promoter. The forkhead transcription factor (FoxO1) binds the PDK4 gene and contributes to the induction of PDK4 by ERRs and PGC-1alpha [PMID: 17079227].
-   PDK4 mRNA expression was upregulated due to PGC-1alpha overexpression in human skeletal muscle cells [PMID: 21904680].
-   The forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) mediates the upregulation of PDK4 gene transcription under pathological conditions such as statin myopathy [PMID: 23045346].
-   In intact mouse skeletal muscle, overexpression of Twist reduced Pdk4 mRNA and abundance of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), and increased phosphorylation of AKT [PMID: 25663706].
-   Hypoxia induces PDK4 gene expression through induction of the orphan nuclear receptor ERRgamma [PMID: 23050013].
-   Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a potent inducer of Erk, positively regulates PDH flux through decreased PDK4 expression [PMID: 21852536].
