
-   Phospholipases C and A2 control lysosome-mediated IL-1 beta secretion [PMID: 15192144]. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of human tuberculosis, induces IL-1beta secretion at the site of infection. Numerous NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and CARD domain-containing proteins (CARDs) were important for IL-1beta secretion upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection [PMID: 20148899].
-   The GAS protease SpeB directly activating interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) independent of the canonical inflammasome pathway. In the murine nasopharynx, SpeB enhanced IL-1beta-mediated inflammation and the chemotaxis of neutrophils. SpeB is essential to activate an IL-1beta-driven neutrophil response [PMID: 32719155].
-   Human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax transactivates the promoter of human prointerleukin-1beta gene through association with two transcription factors, nuclear factor-interleukin-6 and Spi-1 [PMID: 9376596].
