
-   Iron deficiency or hypoxia increased Cp gene expression as well as luciferase activity of the Cp promoter/enhancer with evidence of the involvement of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) which showed HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta binding to a radiolabeled oligonucleotide containing the Cp promoter hypoxia-responsive element (HRE) [PMID: 10777486].
-   Peripheral nerve injury induces interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression and there are three IL-6 response elements in the upstream region of the Cp gene. Transfection of Cp-luciferase constructs followed by sequential and simultaneous mutation of the IL-6 response elements showing decreased luciferase activity, suggested that the IL-6 response elements may have a role in Cp upregulation [PMID: 15979198].
-   In renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells, epigenomic analyses of PAX8-dependent cistrome demonstrate that PAX8 largely occupies active enhancer elements controlling genes involved in various metabolic pathways. Functional genomic screens confirmed that PAX8 silencing leads to decreased proliferation of RCC cell lines. PAX8 recruits histone acetylation activity at bound enhancers looping onto the CP promoter and CP expression correlated with sensitivity to PAX8 silencing [PMID: 31431624].
