
-   Postn expression is associated with tissue remodeling, particularly fibrosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. In diseases where fibrosis is a prominent feature, such as cardiac fibrosis, Postn expression increases as part of the tissue repair process [PMID: 24146092].
-   Periostin as a multifunctional modulator of the wound healing response. The presence of Postn in the extracellular matrix appears to be important for stimulating keratinocyte proliferation, possibly through the association of Postn with laminin gamma2, fibronectin, and bone morphogenetic protein-1 [PMID: 21490918].
-   Periostin mediates renal inflammation and fibrosis through NF-kappaB by repressing FGF1 and GDF15 in a mouse model of diabetes type 2 [PMID: 35883655].

## Summary

The Postn gene, encoding periostin, is dysregulated in heart-related diseases and toxicities as a direct response to tissue damage and the subsequent need for repair and remodeling [CS: 8]. In the context of myocardial infarction or chronic heart failure, when the heart undergoes significant stress and damage leading to tissue fibrosis and organ dysfunction, periostin plays a crucial role by promoting cell adhesion, spreading, and the incorporation of BMP1 into the fibronectin matrix, thus facilitating the repair and restructuring of damaged cardiac tissue [CS: 7].

Specifically, in conditions like acute myocardial infarction or cardiomyopathies, Postn expression is significantly increased [CS: 9]. This upregulation aids the heart's response to injury by enhancing extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and fibrosis, key processes in tissue remodeling [CS: 8]. By binding to integrins and supporting epithelial cell adhesion and migration, periostin helps in forming a stable and supportive tissue structure post-injury [CS: 9]. This function counteracts the initial damage by reinforcing the structural integrity of the heart, thereby aiding its recovery and sustaining its function despite the injury [CS: 8].
