
-   AURKA phosphorylates ALDH1A1 at three critical residues which exert a multifaceted regulation over its level, enzymatic activity, and quaternary structure. While all three phosphorylation sites contribute to its increased stability, T267 phosphorylation primarily regulates ALDH1A1 activity. AURKA-mediated phosphorylation rapidly dissociates tetrameric ALDH1A1 into a highly active monomeric species. ALDH1A1 also reciprocates and prevents AURKA degradation, thereby triggering a positive feedback activation loop which drives highly aggressive phenotypes in cancer. Phospho-resistant ALDH1A1 fully reverses EMT and cancer stem cell phenotypes, thus serving as dominant negative, which underscores the clinical significance of the AURKA-ALDH1A1 signaling axis in pancreatic cancer. Increased phosphorylation of ALDH1A1 at the T267 site is observed in human cancers and healthy liver tissues where ALDH1A1 is highly expressed and active, indicating that this regulation is likely crucial both in normal and diseased states [PMID: 28193222].
-   Overexpression of c-Jun results in induction of luciferase activity, suggesting that c-Jun transactivates the Aldh1a1 promoter as a homodimer and not as a c-Jun/c-Fos heterodimer at an AP-1 site of the mouse Aldh1a1 gene promoter [PMID: 22740640].
-   The RARalpha and C/EBPbeta activate the ALDH1 gene promoter through the RARE and C/EBP response elements, and in Hepa-1 cells, high levels of retinoic acid inhibit this activation by decreasing cellular levels of C/EBPbeta [PMID: 10995752].
-   Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) is a marker of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), and its enzymatic activity regulates tumor stemness. Results show that KK-LC-1 determines the stemness of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) ALDH^+^ cells via binding with FAT1 and subsequently promoting its ubiquitination and degradation. This compromises the Hippo pathway and leads to nuclear translocation of YAP1 and ALDH1A1 transcription [PMID: 37147285].
-   Hypoxic culture conditions induce and/or upregulate ALDH1 expression in established and primary human glioblastoma multiforme cells [PMID: 24197864].
