
-   C57BL/6 mice were intratracheally instilled with Bleomycin (BLM) to induce pulmonary fibrosis, and then half BLM mice received induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) by tail vein injection. The mice that received Bleomycin showed histological characteristics of the fibrotic lung injury, which was significantly ameliorated after treatment with IPSCs comparable to the control group. Furthermore, gene expression analyses revealed that in the BLM group, Igf1, Igf2, and Irs1 genes were significantly upregulated, which were returned to near-normal levels after treatment with IPSCs [PMID: 35822677].
-   A study conducted on rats exposed to biodiesel or reference diesel emissions, transcriptional signatures from lung tissue showed that the IGF-1 signaling pathway was activated in response to both exhaust emission types. The results show that the biodiesel blend composition and the presence of an after treatment system may modify lung gene signature of rats repeatedly exposed to exhaust emissions, however in a rather modest manner [PMID: 32771839].
-   In lung tissue from newborn mice with acute and prolonged exposure to hyperoxia, early postnatal hyperoxia caused an arrest of alveolarization that persisted until adulthood. Both short-term and prolonged hyperoxia reduced GH-receptor expression and STAT5 signaling, whereas *Igf1* mRNA and pAKT signaling were increased [PMID: 34831169].
-   Gene expression data obtained from lung tissue of healthy donors and patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) showed that IGF1 was an upregulated gene in IPF samples compared to normal samples [PMID: 33672678].
-   Type II pneumocyte (alveolar epithelial cells type II [AECII]) senescence has been implicated in the progression of lung fibrosis. In a radiation-induced mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis, both lung tissue and mouse lung AECII cells from irradiated mice showed increase mRNA expression of IGF-1. Mice with an AECII-specific deletion of IGF-1R demonstrated reduced AECII senescence, reduced accumulation of M2 macrophages and fibrosis after irradiation. In lung tissue from patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemoradiation, there was increased mRNA expression of IGF-1 in lung specimens and increased M2 macrophages in fibrotic regions relative to nonfibrotic regions consistent with findings from animal models of lung fibrosis [PMID: 33385497].
