
-   In the liver, Igf-1 gene expression is regulated mainly by pituitary gland-derived growth hormone (GH), although nutrition and insulin also affect its expression [PMID: 8034039].
-   Igf-1 transcription is regulated through growth hormone-induced, JAK2 kinase-mediated phosphorylation of transcriptional factor STAT5B [PMID: 28100634].
-   There are two AREs within the IGF-I upstream promoter that act in cis to activate IGF-I RNA expression. These AREs seem likely to contribute to the up-regulation of the IGF-I gene in prostate tissues, HepG2 cells, and potentially other tissues [PMID: 17363459].
-   Trop-2 can attenuate IGF-1R signaling-mediated AKT/beta-catenin and ERK activation through a direct binding of IGF1 [PMID: 22419550]. In cervical cancer, TROP-2 exhibits tumor suppressive functions by dual inhibition of IGF-1R and ALK signaling [PMID: 30429055].
