
-   GPNMB mRNA expression was detected in sinusoid-lining cells and Kupffer cells in the liver. In an acute liver injury model in rats, induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), GPNMB expression was greatly increased, with protein localization in pericentral inflammatory cells and CD68-positive sinusoid-lining cells. In the human liver, GPNMB expression was increased in fulminant hepatitis and paracetamol intoxication [PMID: 15763343].
-   Transgenic GPNMB expression in rats attenuated the development of hepatic fibrosis in association with the suppression of specific genes involved in its pathogenesis including TIMP-1, TIMP-2, type II collagen, and PDGFR-alpha and beta [PMID: 17382907].
-   GPNMB levels were significantly enhanced in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to adjacent normal liver tissues [PMID: 23924854]. High expression of GPNMB was linked with high metastatic potential of rat hepatoma cells in vitro and in vivo [PMID: 14568261].
-   In aP2 promoter-driven Gpnmb transgenic mice, overexpression of Gpnmb reduced fat accumulation and fibrosis in the liver in a diet-induced obesity model. Interaction of Gpnmb in hepatic macrophages and stellate cells with calnexin reduced oxidative stress, and elevated serum soluble Gpnmb [PMID: 26581806].
