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Investigation of the Potential of Bisphenol A Substitutes to Induce Allergic Contact Sensitization Using OECD Defined Approaches

Victor J. Johnson1, Travis V. Gulledge1, Michael I. Luster1, Gary R. Burleson1, Florence G. Burleson1, Dori R. Germolec2

1Burleson Research Technologies Inc., Morrisville, NC, USA
2Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Durham, NC, USA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22427/NTP-DATA-500-107-002-000-5

Publication

Abstract

Bisphenol A is a high production volume chemical used extensively in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, and thermal printer paper. There is a high potential for occupational dermal exposure in the manufacturing of plastics, epoxies, and thermal paper, as well as post-production in the utilization of epoxy resins. In addition, bisphenol A containing plastics were commonly used in food packaging resulting in significant public exposure through leaching into foodstuff. The public is also at risk of dermal exposure due to environmental contamination. Due to public health concerns regarding the potential for endocrine disrupting effects, efforts have been applied to replace bisphenol A with safer alternatives. Bisphenol A is known to be a human skin sensitizer; however, there is a paucity of information available on the sensitizing potential of structural analogues which are increasingly being employed as substitutes. In the current studies, we utilized New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) addressing key events 1-3 of the adverse outcome pathway for skin sensitization to address the potential of bisphenol A substitutes to induce dermal sensitization. Defined Approaches (DA) were applied to further classify and categorize potency according to OECD TG 497. The NAMs and DAs confirmed that bisphenol A was a skin sensitizer in potency category UN GHS 1B. Bisphenol AF, bisphenol B, bisphenol AP, and bisphenol E were also classified as UN GHS 1B sensitizers, while 2,4-bisphenol S and bisphenol F were borderline sensitizers, and bisphenol S was classified as a non-sensitizer. Overall, these data provide evidence that the bisphenol structural analogues tested, except for bisphenol S, are risks for dermal allergy.

Study Data

Bisphenol Analogues - DPRA Data

Bisphenol Anaologues - KeratinoSens Data

Bisphenol Analogues - h-CLAT Data

Bisphenol Analogues - OECD QSAR Prediction Reports

Bisphenol Analogues – SARA-ICE and SARA-ICE Extended Reports